Tulips belong to the Liliaceae family, the genus Bulbous. Homeland - mountains of Northern Iran, Pamir-Alai, Tien Shan. The name comes from the word “turban”, because the plant is like him. Tulips - are among the most popular flowers grown in Russia. According to recent data, about 80 varieties, approximately 1800 varieties, are included in the genus.
Tulip - description, characteristics of the flower
It is a grassy perennial with bulbs. During evolution, he adapted to life in the mountains, on the steppe and in the desert. He is appreciated for his attractive appearance and unpretentious character. In Holland (Amsterdam) a special holiday is even organized in honor of the flower.
It tolerates frosty winters, hot and dry summers, rainy and short spring. Development from seed to flowering bush can last from 3 to 7 years.
It grows from 10 to 95 cm (depending on variety). It has an upright stalk with a circular cross section.
The plant has adnexal root processes originating from the bottom of the bulbs. Each bulb has stolons (stems) growing sideways or down vertically. At the bottom there are daughter heads. The covering scales of the bulbs have a different texture, can be dipped from the inner area.
Fleshy leaves are lanceolate, emerald or gray-green with arched veins. Elongated plates without stalks, placed alternately, covered with a waxy coating. Decrease in size from lower to upper.
The bush most often blooms only 1 flower in size from 5 to 10 cm. However, there are a small number of varieties having from 2 to 12 buds. Ordinary tulips are yellow, bloody, white.
Varietal specimens of the most various colors: lavender, purple, pinkish, purple and even black. Some varieties have on one bush several inflorescences of various tones.
Flowers are lilac, goblet, star-shaped, fringed, double. After withering, the fruit ripens - a box with three faces and flattened seeds.
Tulip classification
The international classification was approved in 1969 and is valid at the moment. It includes 15 classes, distributed in 4 sections. In the 80s. fringed and green-colored varieties were added there. If varieties are chosen correctly for the garden plot, they will decorate the territory for a couple of months, flowering in turn.
| Grouping | Category |
| Early flowering |
|
| Medium flowering |
|
| Late flowering |
|
| Species |
|
Early flowering
Enter:
| Title | Grade | Distinctive features | Flowers / period of their formation |
| Simple |
| They grow to 35-45 cm. They are grown in an open area or in boxes. Not intended for cutting. | Goblet, canary or scarlet. The end of April. |
| Terry |
| Deserved love thanks to the colorful and long flowering. They reach 30 cm. They have thick stems, but still sometimes bend under the weight of the flowers. It is recommended to plant in the foreground, so that their beauty does not disappear behind higher bushes. | In the open state, up to 8-9 cm. In the middle of spring. |
Medium flowering
Included:
| Title | Varieties | Features | Buds / flowering |
| Triumph |
| First appeared in flower shops in the 20s. last century. Obtained by crossing Simple early, Darwin hybrids, ancient species. Do not require careful supervision. Reach 0.7 m, have dense pedicels. | Goblet-shaped, keep their shape well. The color of the petals of various tones and their combinations. Long, can be observed from the end of April to the first of May. |
| Darwin hybrids |
| Up to 0.8 m. Under the sun, buds are fully opened. Resistant to various types of lesions and spring weather. All varieties are similar. | Circumference up to 10 cm, cup-shaped. The bottom is rectangular, often dark. Petals are usually red, but there are other colors. With the exception of purple and lilac. |
Late flowering
The largest group. It includes 7 subspecies:
| Title | Varieties | Description | Flowers / time of their appearance |
| Simple |
| Tall, reaching 0.75 m. Long stand cut off in a vase. | Large, with a rectangular bottom, petals with a blunt end. The subspecies includes multi-flowered tulips having several inflorescences on the same shoot. Since the beginning of summer. |
| Terry |
| Tall and slender, similar to the early peonies, so they are called pion-shaped. | Dense, bowl-shaped. Wail in cloudy weather. More than 20 days in the last days of spring-June. |
| Lily |
| Up to 0.6-0.7 m. They tolerate frost well, rarely get sick. | Similar to lilies. The last month of spring. |
| Parrots |
| 0.5-0.6 m. In the garden decoration is usually used as an accent. They are planted in small groups. | Large, cup-shaped. The petals are undulating and dissected. From the middle of May. |
| Fringed |
| Slender, tall (0.5-0.6 m). | A variety of tones, with a jagged contrasting frame. May. |
| Rembrandt |
| Not particularly in demand, although it has excellent decorative qualities. It grows to 0.5-0.75 m. | Wrong colors: uneven lines and feathers of a different tone. Initially, the virus provoked a special coloring, but later the breeders managed to fix it. The end of spring is the beginning of summer. |
| Greens |
| From 27 to 53 cm, with a strong above-ground part. | Various forms: goblet, cup-shaped, roundish. On the main background there are green stains. With grassy feathers or lines on the back. All May |
Species tulips
These are specimens growing in the wild and their hybrid forms. Usually they are low. They calmly tolerate cold, damp and short drought. Such tulips are planted for decorating summer cottages, parks, alleys, squares, etc.
In species there are multi-flowered varieties:
| Title | Description | Popular varieties | Their features |
| Kaufman | In the southern regions gives flowering in March. Grows from 10 to 35 cm. With large, lush inflorescences (up to 7-10 cm). After full disclosure, the petals form a star. Hybrids mixed with subspecies of Greig possess decorative foliage: with brownish, dark lilac, purple dots and lines. Grown as a potted plant. It is resistant to variegation. | Shakespeare | Inside the bud is a yellow core with a reddish frame. |
| Corona | Petals form a star. On the yellow, golden middle there are red strokes. The outer side is cream, with fiery stains similar to flames. | ||
| Ancilla | With red and white flowers. | ||
| Pink dwarf | A low variety of raspberry tone. The bud has the shape of a very elongated glass. | ||
| Scarlet baby | Not more than 15 cm. The flower is pinkish-salmon, in half of all growth. | ||
| Holland baby | Terry look of a saturated red shade. | ||
| Calimero | Lemon yellow with a white border. | ||
| Foster | Above the previous variety (30-50 cm). The inflorescence is large and elongated (up to 15 cm). They have an interesting shape of the petals: the outer ones are slightly bent. Hybrid varieties have striped leaf plates representing decorativeness. Usually flowering occurs in mid-spring. Resistant to cold and variegation. | Easter moon | Silver dust seemed to settle on the petals. Buds appear in late March. |
| Purissima | The flower is snow-white, sometimes cream. Reaches a length of 10 cm. | ||
| Flaming purissima | Petals are white, densely covered with pink touches. | ||
| Yellow purissima | Delicate canary shade. | ||
| Sweet sixte | Light crimson color. | ||
| Princeps | Short, elongated petals red with a yellow base. | ||
| Pinkeen | Up to 0.4 m. Bright scarlet, retains decorativeness for a long time after cutting. | ||
| Border legend | Beautiful snow-white flowers with a lilac core. | ||
| Juan | Reddish red with a large yellow bottom. The leaves are covered with burgundy-brown lines. | ||
| Exotic emperor | Similar to a parrot class. Flowers are white, terry. The core is greenish-lemon. | ||
| Greig | Includes both undersized and tall specimens. Coloring is most often red or yellow. Bloom early, immediately after the previous species. A distinctive feature is the burgundy-brown lines on the foliage and the stem with a sparse pile. Long flowering, lush inflorescences can be observed for a long time on peduncles. | White fire | Dwarf, up to 35 cm. Petals whitish cream, decorated with scarlet narrow stripes. |
| Fur elise | Apricot with a pinkish tint. Pointed petals. | ||
| Chierful | Yellowish red. External petals slightly rounded, bent. | ||
| Czaar peter | Snow-scarlet. When fully opened, it looks even more decorative. | ||
| Cha cha cha | Raspberry, with a snowy border. Will not fade for a long time after cutting. | ||
| Donna bella | Not more than 20 cm. Petals of vanilla color. Each has a wide burgundy line, as if in a darkened frame. | ||
| Torono Double | Terry variety with red salmon buds. | ||
| Dubbel Roodkape | Scarlet, with intricate drawings on the plates. | ||
| Mix Easter Eggs | The most diverse tones and their combinations. |
Care for tulips: watering and fertilizing flowers
They prefer fertile soil with medium or low acidity. A drainage layer is required. It can be laid out of expanded clay, pebbles of medium fraction or cracked brick.
The territory must be selected well-lit, protected from the cold wind and drafts. In one place, the flower can grow 3-4 years, but it is advisable to transplant it every season.
In hot, dry weather, regular and plentiful watering is necessary. It is recommended to use warm, settled water, preferably rain. After flowering, soil moisture should be stopped. Loosen the earth between the bushes, weed from the weed grass.
The first top dressing is done after the shoots appear. To do this, use 1 tablespoon of urea per square meter. Reapply fertilizer before bud formation. The third top dressing should be done with intensive growth of inflorescences. The last time the nutrient mixture is used during flowering. Fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium sulfate and those purchased for flowers are suitable.
Before frosts, if the bush will winter in the open ground, the soil must be mulched. In spring, when the snow falls, remove the protection. Also, during the cold season, bulbs can be dug up and kept in the basement, cellar or other cool place.
The content of flowers is quite simple, even novice growers can grow them. The most important thing is not to miss watering and feeding, timely prevent damage by insect pests, infections. If the bush is still sick, take the necessary treatment. Due to the variety of shades, shapes, sizes, tulips can decorate any landscape. They are grown separately or in composition with other plants.
